Deep mining of anthracite has declined throughout the greater Coal Region, however, due to the greater economics of strip mining. The Susquehanna River occupies the southern part of the valley, which is notable for its deposits of anthracite. The valley is a crescent-shaped depression, a part of the ridge-and-valley or folded Appalachians. Wilkes-Barre remains the second most-populated city in the metropolitan area, while Hazleton is the third most-populated city in the metropolitan area. The city of Scranton grew in population after the 2015 mid-term census while Wilkes-Barre declined in population.

Scranton is the most populated city in the metropolitan area with a population of 77,114. Greater Pittston occupies the center of the valley. Within the geology of Pennsylvania the Wyoming Valley makes up its own unique physiographic province, the Anthracite Valley. With a population of 567,559 as of the 2020 United States census, it is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in Pennsylvania, after the Delaware Valley, Greater Pittsburgh, the Lehigh Valley, and the Harrisburg–Carlisle metropolitan statistical areas. As a metropolitan area, it is known as the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre metropolitan area, after its principal cities, Scranton and Wilkes-Barre. The region is historically notable for its influence in helping fuel the American Industrial Revolution with its many anthracite coal-mines. The Wyoming Valley is a historic industrialized region of Northeastern Pennsylvania.

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